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Boyle's Law

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (T constant)

Pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature.

Charles's Law

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ (P constant)

Volume and temperature are directly proportional at constant pressure.

Gay-Lussac's Law

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ (V constant)

Pressure and temperature are directly proportional at constant volume.

Combined Gas Law

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws.

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

Relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of gas.

Question 1

Points: 1
Correct!

Solution:

Gas Law Basics

Key Gas Laws
Law Equation Relationship Constant Parameter
Boyle's Law P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ Pressure and volume are inversely proportional Temperature
Charles's Law V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ Volume and temperature are directly proportional Pressure
Gay-Lussac's Law P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ Pressure and temperature are directly proportional Volume
Combined Gas Law P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ Combines all three simple gas laws Amount of gas (moles)
Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT Relates all four gas variables Gas constant (R)
Constants
  • R (Ideal Gas Constant): 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K
  • Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm
  • Molar Volume at STP: 22.4 L/mol
Sample Problems

Problem: A gas occupies 2.0 L at 1.0 atm. What will be its volume at 2.0 atm (constant temperature)?

Solution:

Using Boyle's Law: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

(1.0 atm)(2.0 L) = (2.0 atm)(V₂)

V₂ = (1.0 × 2.0) / 2.0 = 1.0 L

Problem: A gas occupies 3.0 L at 273 K. What will be its volume at 546 K (constant pressure)?

Solution:

Using Charles's Law: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

3.0 L / 273 K = V₂ / 546 K

V₂ = (3.0 × 546) / 273 = 6.0 L

Problem: Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.0 mol of gas in a 22.4 L container at 273 K.

Solution:

Using Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT

P = nRT/V = (1.0 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(273 K) / 22.4 L

P = 1.0 atm

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