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Battery capacity is typically measured in mAh (milliampere-hours) or Ah (ampere-hours). This represents how much current the battery can supply over time.
Real-world batteries don't deliver 100% of their rated capacity. Li-ion batteries typically achieve 80-90% efficiency, while lead-acid may be only 70-80% efficient.
The C-rate is the rate at which a battery is discharged relative to its maximum capacity. A 1C rate means the discharge current will discharge the entire battery in 1 hour.